ABSTRACT: The influence of human activities on the quality of groundwater is extensive. The thoughtless handling of pesticides, existence of old burdens like dumps of pesticides, often the non ecological practice of the industry – production and distribution, bad agricultural practice and the illegible application endanger the groundwater and subsequently the human health. Nowadays in the field of usage of pesticides (agrochemicals) new rules were created how to deal with them in the relationship to protection of groundwater sources, risk assessment. New registration and EU and Slovakia market introduction rules were created. The article is summarizing the new legislative, overview of pesticide consumption in Slovakia, methodology of environmental risk assessment, the evaluation of fate and behavior of pesticides in soil and in groundwater and proposal of decreasing the usage of pesticides to decrease the total risk and negative impact of using pesticides on human health and the environment.